Something that is added as a support or complement （サポートや補助の目的で付け足されたもの）

→“He started his career as an adjunct to the president and worked his way up to deputy president.”

→“Lobbyist groups act almost as adjuncts of political parties.”

To accept or tolerate（受諾または許容する）

→“She is hard to work with as she doesn’t brook any constructive criticism.”

→“The dictator brooks no dissent.”

To allow someone to participate in, or to make a profit from, something（参加させてやる、儲けさせてやる）

→“The school was nice enough to cut me in on the heath care plan.”

→“The lawmakers are trying to cut publishers in on their articles and book contents which are quoted in Internet search engines.”

Spread widely; unorganized and unfocused; verbose and unclear in meaning（幅広く広がった、構成力に欠ける、言葉多く意味が不明な）

→“Gradually, the Roman Empire grew diffuse.”

→“The mobs’ anger and resentment weren’t diffuse.”

→“This fat book I started reading is diffuse and disorganized.”

A set of shared values or ethical standards（共有されている価値観や倫理規範）

→“He acted in adherence to the tenets of the samurai ethos.”

→“Their actions were much in the spirit of this ethos.”

To defraud or overcharge（金を巻き上げる、オーバーチャージする）

→“He outsmarted the organization and exposed its plan to fleece the investors.”

→“The taxi driver tried to fleece me, but I didn’t let him.”

To guess or estimate; to measure（推測する、計る）

→“Under the current circumstances, it’s hard to gauge what the beleaguered nation will do next.”

→“We can gauge his electoral prospects by how he performs in the next primary.”

Naturally so and impossible to change（自然としてそうなっており変更不可能な）

→“Anxiousness and impatience seem hard-wired into my character.”

→“There is no point in reasoning with her. She is hard-wired to be loose with money.”

Likely to behave in a certain way; legally responsible（～しそうな又はしがちな、法的責任ある）

→“It made her so upset that she was liable to yell and throw things.”

→“My air conditioner is liable to malfunction after 5 hours of continuous use.”

→“You are more liable to catch a cold when you are sleep deprived.”

→“As a green card-holder, you are liable for all the taxes that the citizens pay.”

→“The policeman told him that he was liable to a $50 fine for walking a red light.”

To successfully reach a final agreement or a definite decision; to compel someone to explicitly state something（最終的な同意や決定にこぎつける、何かをはっきり言わせる）

→“The president announced that our company had nailed down a landmark deal with a major client.”

→“For 30 minutes, I tried in vain to nail the salesman down to a concrete price.”

A mistake of negligence; responsibility to supervise something（うっかりと見過ごしてしまうこと、監督・管轄する責任）

→“I am sorry, it was strictly an oversight on my part.”

→“The government just announced its plan to increase its oversight of the banking sector.”

To refuse to answer a question directly（まっすぐな返事をしないでごまかす）

→“The talk radio host has a reputation for prevaricating after making controversial statements.”

→“You are prevaricating. Just answer my question in no uncertain terms.”

To win a number or amount of something（スコアする、獲得する）

→“Jeremy Lin is expected to rack up at least 30 points in tonight’s game.”

→“The prime minister’s rivals are racking up parliamentary support.”