A state of restraint or disuse（制御された又は不使用の状態）

→“He kept his temper in abeyance while he listened to his staff member’s words of apology.”

→“She was so satisfied that her habitual melancholy was in abeyance.”

→“That expression has fallen into abeyance.”

To defy or oppose（無視する、対抗する）

→“The venture capital bucked the trend and scored a big success.”

→“The mayor bucked the central government on local taxation policy.”

The gap between what you need and what you actually have（必要量に満たない不足分）

→“Intelligence deficit is leaving the surrounding nations guessing about the regime’s next step.”

→“Our society has a deplorable deficit in kindness.”

To harshly criticize（強く批判する）

→“The president excoriated the regime for its human rights violations.”

→“My new book received an excoriating review in the New York Times.”

To present or suggest an idea or a plan（アイデアやプランを提案する）

→“I first floated the idea to the client two months ago but they rejected it out of hand.”

→“The departing CEO floated a counterproposal over new board members to be selected.”

To be similar to something or someone from the past; to reminisce something from the past（過去の何か又は人物に似る、過去の出来事を回想する）

→“The new leader is trying to hark back to the previous president.”

→“This film harks back to rural life in the late 19th century.”

→“Instead of starting a new life, she keeps harking back to her previous marriage.”

To severely criticize（強く叱責する）

→“The opposition party lambasted the prime minister’s new tax proposal.”

→“The nation lambasted the credit ratings agency over its sovereign-debt downgrade.”

Strength or determination, particularly exhibited during an ordeal or under pressure（試練の時に発揮する底力、根性、勇気）

→“The long and heated question & answer session following the lecture really tested my mettle as a lecturer.”

→“The leader showed her mettle during the unprecedented financial crisis.”

→“I am proud of my own mettle.”

To leverage one’s skills and opportunities to enhance one’s advantage（才能や機会を活用して自分の優位をさらなるものにする）

→“Right after the war, the man bought lots of lands for depreciated prices and then parlayed them into apartment complexes.”

→“She was able to parlay her TV fame into a personal fortune.”

To play, run or act in a lively and noisy way; to win easily（はつらつに騒がしく遊ぶ・走り回る・振舞う、楽勝する）

→“We had tea on the porch as our son romped with the puppies in the back yard.”

→“The frontrunner romped to a victory in the New Hampshire presidential primary.”

Old-fashioned; disqualified for old age（古すぎて使い道のない・機能の落ちた）

→“My storage room is packed with superannuated electronic appliances.”

→“She may look old but she is far from being a superannuated spinster.”

To crush underfoot（踏みにじる）

→“There are still many parts of the world where the people’s basic rights are trampled by authoritarian regimes.”

→“The ugly incident trampled her naive optimism.”

To feel uncomfortable or embarrassed in reaction to something（何らかの事柄に反応して動揺したり恥ずかしく思ったりする）

→“When I remember that man’s angry face and threatening tone of voice, I still wince.”

→“European nations wince as the US declares it will cut its troop levels in Europe.”