Having enough money to stay in business or stay out of debt（経営や生活を続行するための金銭的土台がある）

→“I was out of a job for so long that I finally had to borrow money from my parents, just to keep afloat.”

→“The company may become nationalized to stay afloat.”

To polish; to make stronger; to bolster（磨く、強化する）

→“I work part-time at a McDonald’s, buffing the floor.”

→“After years of declining popularity, the company is finally buffing its public image with imaginative services.”

Innate; inherent（持って生まれた、不可避の）

→“He overcame his congenital speech defect and became a great public speaker.”

→“With my congenital pessimism and bad health, I am not very hopeful that anything good will happen this year.”

To give a lot of something, often private and embarrassing info（プライベートな情報などを多量に提供する）

→“In this autobiography, the senator dishes on his experiences in the asylum for abused children.”

→“She started writing weekly columns, dishing out her unconventional opinions.”

→“The woman is writing a tell-all book about her marriage to the film director in order to dish dirt on him.”

To deliberately change something for one’s own advantage（自分に有利になるよう事実に手を加える）

→“The professor was accused of doctoring evidence in support of his theory.”

→“In this doctored picture, we find the entertainer standing next to the Meiji Emperor.”

To move or proceed in a circle（円を描きながら動く）

→“Cold winds are eddying around my house.”

→“Friendship began to eddy into my loneliness.”

A tiny amount（微量）

→“She came down on hard times, losing all her wealth. Now she doesn’t have a farthing to her name.”

→“I did not receive a farthing in reward.”

→“The sales clerk sounded like she didn’t care a farthing if I bought or not.”

A large tent or canopy; a large sign over the entrance（大きなテントや天蓋、入口の上にかかった大きな掲示板・ポスター）

→“Let’s have coffee in the marquee at 2 pm.”

→“A marquee announced the names of the speakers.”

To outmaneuver an opponent（敵に対して有利になるように事を展開する）

→“The government forces finally outflanked the rebels in the capital city.”

→“The president is trying to outflank Congress on defense.”

Overwhelmingly important（最も重要な）

→“In my investment strategy, security and stability are of paramount importance.”

→“Economy is paramount in the US presidential race.”

Lying on one’s back; prone; weak and acquiescent, letting others take the lead（仰向けの、人のいいなりになる弱腰の）

→“He stretched out supine on the bed.”

→“Even liberals are beginning to think that the president is submissive and supine to the opposition.”

→“I don’t approve of your supine acceptance of ill-treatment by the bullies.”

Excessively pompous and difficult to understand（難しくて分かりづらい）

→“After trying to make my way through the turgid introduction to the novel, I gave it up and plunged right into the story itself.”

→“Admissions office personnel started describing the application process in turgid language.”

So many that it is annoying（腹が立つほど多い）

[語尾にthをつけumpteenth timeという助数詞の形で用いられることが頻繁にある]

→“I decided to quit the company because I could not stand its umpteen policies and rules.”

→“Having nothing else to do, I went to the neighborhood museum for the umpteenth time.”