For rumor or excitement to be spreading among people（うわさや興奮が広まっていく状態）

→“The school was abuzz with concern when the news was broken that the principal had been hospitalized.”

→“The whole nation is abuzz over the news.”

Active and healthy; quick and energetic（活発で健全な、エネルギッシュで迅速な）

→“Uniqlo’s new flagship store had brisk sales.”

→“The new teacher took her position behind the lectern and addressed the class in a brisk tone.”

To deal with a difficult situation（難局に対処する）

→“You work full time and also go to graduate school. I don’t know how you cope.”

→“The townspeople are coping with the crisis with courage and resilience.”

Serious and uninteresting; unexcited and unenthusiastic（つまらない、そっけない）

→“The professor assigned us an extremely dry article on the history of criminal law.”

→“Anyone can see that, she said dryly.”

An advantage（比較有利）

→“That bookstore decided to go digital so as to get an edge over its competitors.”

→“The emerging markets have a trade edge that propels their rapid economic growth.”

To make tiny adjustments to something so it functions well （細かな調整を施して良く機能するようにする）

→“We stayed up till 3 am, fine-tuning our plan.”

→“The nation is trying to fine-tune its economic policy so the environmental impact would be minimal.”

To focus on a weak or problematic part（弱点や問題点に焦点を当てる）

→“I have constructed the main argument. Now I must home in on the likely objections.”

→“Scientists are now homing in on the missing link in the theory of evolution.”

Upset, angry（怒った）

→“By the time I returned her call 3 days later, my mom was irate.”

→“The mayor is irate as the central government has failed to reveal a planned budget cut.”

To make someone feel insignificant and unworthy（軽んじる、重要視しない）

→“As I grow older, I am beginning to feel marginalized in the office.”

→“Whether the rescue plan for the village succeeds or fails, the central government will feel marginalized.”

A person of importance and bearing（重要な人物、名士）

→“He is the most prosperous and powerful personage in town.”

→“I looked up and saw a rich gentleman or some such worthy personage.”

To hinge on; to be determined by; to be responsible for a final decision（～にかかっている、最終決定権を持っている）

→“The outcome of the peace talks rests with the US presidential election.”

→“I have told you what I would do if I were you. The final decision rests with you.”

Mysterious; hidden from view（神秘的な、陰に隠れた）

→“Some say that, although ghosts do not exist in the actual world, they subsist in some shadowy realm.”

→“Secret service agents lead a rather shadowy life.”

To give a secret warning or confidential information（秘密裏に忠告や情報を与える）

→“My trusted coworker tipped me off that company management is pondering my promotion.”

→“Some people noticed the problem and tipped off the police, but they ignored the information.”

Under consideration or in planning（検討中、計画中）

→“Fundamental changes to the company policy are in the works.”

→“A major restructuring plan is in the works for the city.”

→“A new system for storing data is in the works.”