To give special consideration or provision（大目に見る、非常時に備える）

→“She is under a lot of stress from work. When she is irritable, you must make allowance.”

→“A rush hour train is extremely crowded. You must make allowances for occasional inconveniences.”

→“Our basement makes allowance for an emergency shelter.”

Excessive in confidence, voice or color; attention-getting（自信過剰な、音・色などが過度で注目を集める）

→“We got a new office manager. We are all having a hard time getting used to his brash management style.”

→“The audience was turned off by the speaker’s brash manner.”

→“Some say Lady Gaga is trashy but others like her brash ways.”

To persuade（説き伏せる、言いくるめる）

→“She succeeded in cajoling the company into interviewing her.”

→“I wanted to quit the swim team but was cajoled into staying by the coach.”

To consist of; to be made up of; to constitute（～から構成されている、全体で～を占める）

→“This lecture comprises an introduction, the main argument and some concluding remarks.”

→“The committee is comprised of the chairman, 2 executives and 5 staff.”

→“The homeless comprise a large percentage of welfare recipients.”

To troubleshoot by improving a difficult situation（難局を打開する、鎮める）

→“The wage raise helped to defuse the labor union’s anger.”

→“He has a special gift of defusing awkward situations.”

To draw out（引き出す）

→“At the end of my presentation, I asked the attendees for some feedback, but my request elicited no response from them.”

→“The new president elicits both admiration and fear from the employees.”

A brief journey to some place for a specific purpose; a short attempt at something（特定の意図で目的地に出向くこと、何かを少しの間試してみること）

→“I make occasional forays into the countryside for fresh air.”

→“It was her first foray into post-modern art.”

To pierce（突き刺す）

→“We went to this new restaurant, but I lost my appetite when I saw a pig’s head impaled on a stick.”

→“I had such a wonderful experience that it is impaled in my memory.”

To start a new undertaking or project（新しい事業やプロジェクトを開始する）

→“With the freshly earned MBA from Harvard, she launched a new business in the center of the city.”

→“The regulatory agency has launched a panel on improving nuclear disaster control.”

Utter destruction; a total failurew（壊滅、全くの失敗）

→“The junk car was consigned to perdition.”

→“The scandal-plagued politician is on the road to perdition.”

A large number of（数多くの）

→“I went to the lost and found counter at the station and saw a plethora of umbrellas.”

→“There is a plethora of resort hotels on the beach.”

To walk in a stately and proud manner（威厳を持ってこれ見よがしに歩く）

→“The boxer, after successfully defending his world championship title, sashayed down the aisle.”

→“We were having a merry chat in the living room when our daughter sashayed in, wearing the new dress.”

To touch up and make a little better（少し手を加えて改善する）

→“If you show me your draft before sending it to the publisher, I will gladly tweak it up for you.”

→“With some editorial tweaking, the essay became quite readable.”

A bountiful of（豊富な）

→“The library is a wealth of knowledge.”

→“The Upper East Side of Manhattan hosts a wealth of museums and galleries.”