To expedite; to facilitate（速める、促進する）

→“This information will immensely accelerate my project.”

→“The Obama administration is resorting to all measures to accelerate job creation.”

To finance; to provide money（融資する、資金を提供する）

→“My financial sponsor regrets agreeing to bankroll my graduate education.”

→“A group of venture capitalists came together to help bankroll the project.”

To impressively increase in size, volume, etc（顕著に増加・増大する）

→“Facebook is burgeoning in membership.”

→“Democratic ideas are burgeoning in the Middle East.”

Having a pattern of squares one after another in two contrasting colors; having an alternating pattern of successes and failures, ups and downs（2色の正方形が交互に入れ混じったデザイン、成功と失敗が交互する）

→“The restaurant is known for its checkered tablecloths imported from England.”

→“He is not what he appears to be at first sight. He has a checkered past.”

A detailed document, often of a clandestine nature（詳細にわたる、機密情報を含む書類）

→“I am nervous because I have a batch of very important company dossiers in my attaché case.”

→“Newly disclosed dossiers shed light on the spy agency’s activities and plans.”

To come close to; to consider something lightly（実現しそうになる、軽く考えてみる）

→“The pitcher flirted with a perfect game last night.”

→“With China, Brazil, India and other nations making strident economic progress, some observers say that Japan is flirting with irrelevance.”

→“My father is flirting with the idea of early retirement.”

To obstruct; to frustrate; to render difficult（邪魔する、困難にする）

→“I tried to run faster but was hampered by a strong head wind.”

→“The government’s reform efforts were hampered by vehement criticism from the opposition parties.”

To increase or multiply rapidly（急激に増加・増大する）

→“In a nationwide environment of energy conservation, bicycle riders are proliferating.”

Proliferation:

A sudden increase（急増）

→“The major powers have finally reached an accord on a nuclear non-proliferation treaty.”

To come to a standstill; to stop; to be frustrated; to delay on purpose（停止する、滞る、意図的に遅らせる）

→“The reform measure stalled amid mounting protests.”

→“You are just stalling for time. Come on, give me a straight answer!”

Excellent and impressive（目を見張るような素晴らしい）

→“He has a stellar professional history.”

→“The new actress gave a stellar performance on the stage.”

To overpower; to take precedence; to outperform; to be more important than（競合相手に勝る、他者より秀でる）

→“In the TOEFL test correct grammar trumps good pronunciation.”

→“The government announced that economic development trumps ecology.”

→“Her singing trumped all the competitors at the contest.”

A theme or feeling that runs consistently although in a quiet and inconspicuous manner（顕著でないが一貫して流れているテーマ・感情）

→“The story has an undertow of nostalgia for days gone.”

→“A penchant for spirituality is an undertow that runs through my life.”

To carefully evaluate; to run a background check（慎重に評価・吟味する）

→“I suggest that you vet your essay before submitting it to the professor.”

→“The Republican Party is in the middle of vetting presidential candidates, determined to win back the White House.”

An interval of time that is convenient（都合のいい時間帯）

→“I can see you today. I have a window of 2 hours this afternoon.”

A view; an access（眺め、アクセス）

→“The restaurant offers a nice window on Tokyo Bay.”

→“I love the morning paper as it gives me a quick window on the world.”

→“This medical test provides a window on your health.”