To mess up; to perform badly（失敗する、不手際をする）

→“She bungled the speech by speaking too fast.”

→“He went to a top school but bungled it all up by partying every day.”

A brief literary description; a short appearance in a movie or play（短かい文学的表現、短い登場場面）

→“In Tennessee I saw some people who would fit the stereotypical cameo of cowboys.”

→“Al Pacino has a cameo role in the new film.”

→“That was my cameo moment in the show.”

To make uncomfortable; to unnerve; to upset; to confuse（居心地悪くする、動揺させる、困惑させる）

→“When Jane first visited Japan, she was discomfited by the overcrowded trains.”

→“The neighboring country’s success discomfits the entire nation.”

To become angry and agitated（激怒する）

→“The government is fuming over the political asylum granted to one of its dissidents.”

→“I missed the last train and fumed.”

A small quantity of（少量の）

→“I am not a very assertive person, but I do have a modicum of pride.”

→“The president knows how to advance his foreign policy agenda diplomatically with a modicum of military force.”

To consider; to give serious thought; to deliberate（考慮する、検討する）

→“Since he cannot play the game today, we will have to mull our options.”

→“The President is mulling over the proposal.”

Baffled and at a loss; perplexed（全く困惑した状態）

→“When the major earthquake assaulted the city, the people were totally nonplussed.”

→“Michael was nonplussed when his girlfriend started laughing abruptly.”

A dilemma; a predicament; a bind（ジレンマ、窮地）

→“Your refusal to cooperate will put me in a pickle.”

→“The peace talks’ failure has left the negotiators in a pickle.”

Critically important（極めて重要な）

→“The Vice President is taking on a pivotal role in the decision-making.”

→“Wait. The pivotal point escapes me.”

Unyielding to hardships; tough; having a strength of character（逆境に強い、腹の座った）

→“It started raining but she was resilient and completed the marathon.”

→“The disaster-stricken nation is winning worldwide respect for remaining resilient under the catastrophic circumstances.”

A gap; a discord; a split（溝、不和）

→“A rift is emerging between the two nations over trade imbalance.”

→“We see eye to eye on this. There is no rift between us.”

A fantasy paradise; a dreamland（夢の国、理想の境地、極楽浄土）

→“Marx believed in a workers’ Shagri-La.”

A peaceful and beautiful retreat（平和で美しい御殿または静養先）

→“She retired and moved to Hawaii in order to fulfill her dreams of a Shagri-La.”

To seethe; to remain in a state of fermenting（感情が煮えたぎっている状態）

→“Mutual suspicion simmered between the husband and wife.”

→“There is simmering anger among the protesters.”

Unperturbed; controlled（自己制御できた、物事に動じない、禁欲的）

→“He remained stoic throughout the entire ordeal.”

→“The philosopher leads a stoic life with no TV or Internet connection.”

Ostentatious and low in quality; showy and cheap; gaudy（派手で安っぽい）

→“I didn’t like the fashion show. It was tawdry.”

→“After a stressful day at work, I buried myself in the sofa and watched a tawdry TV show.”